Comparison Of Homer s Odyssey, The Odyssey And The Clash...

A journey is not just a voyage one physically goes on from one place to another, rather it is also a mental and emotional process. On journeys such as that, calm seas and fair winds will not always be destined; in fact, throughout ones travel, one will encounter many challenges, physically, mentally and emotionally, that will affect not only the individual but those who encounter them as well. Homer’s epic nostos, The Odyssey, as well as the movies Iphigenia and The Clash of the Titans all include characters that endure transformative journeys home. One can describe the events that took place in the Odyssey as a voyage to self-discovery for many of the characters in the Odyssey. Odysseus is known to be the master of strategy, the man of twists and turns- however he acquires many flaws. One disastrous flaw is his hubris, which he demonstrated a number of times through his nostos, but through his experiences he humbly acquired so much wisdom and strength that allowed him to be modest towards the end of this nostos. In many situations his excessive pride and big ego becomes his downfall. In book nine (9) he boasts about his defeat of Polyphemus, Poseidon’s Cyclops son, he says â€Å"†¦Cyclops-- if any man on the face of the earth should ask you/ who blinded you, shamed you so-- say Odysseus,/ raider of cities, he gouged out your eye,/ Laertes’ son who makes his home in Ithaca!’† . Just as Odysseus was about to escape, Odysseus yelled out his name because his ego was too big to

South Africa Competition Policy Originates From The...

South Africa competition policy originates from the Regulation of Monopolistic Conditions Act, 1955 (Act No. 24 of 1955). There was a need to prevent dramatic increases in oligopolies hence a review of the Act in the 1970s that found that the policy had been unsuccessful in preventing a dramatic increase in oligopolies. Thus, the Maintenance and Promotion of Competition Act, 1979 (Act No.96 of 1979) was introduced which was administered by the Competition Board. Amendment of the Act gave further power to the Competition Board, including the ability to not only eradicate new concentrations of economic power but also existing monopolies and oligopolies. However, on both substantive and logical grounds the amendment to the Act still had flaws that prevented the effective application of competition law. This is contradicting the main objective of promoting competition in SA. Economic policy in SA was formed with dependence on extraction industries such as gold and diamond extraction. In the 19th century these industries were isolated from world markets. Policies in these industries protected investors whom most were foreign. When government realised the risks of over-specialisation in the mining industry it adopted policies that encourage farming and local manufacturing. Monopoly concessions were issued around the 19th century. Ensuring manufacturers benefit from low input costs such as electricity and steal, through protective tariff barrier, and supplied by state ownedShow MoreRelatedSituational Analysis of Starbucks13207 Words   |  53 Pagescompeting grounds for the coffee industry. Then, we delve into the driving forces and decipher what moves the rivals into competition. Upon the industry analysis, we move into the intricate details of market growth, market size and various industry trends. The next topic to be discussed is the Five Forces ana lysis and how this affects the industry. 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How to make a good business Free Essays

Everyone would like to have a good business that would bring him or her a lot of money, a high life position and satisfaction. But how to make it? How should you begin to get round to it? It is hard to answer the question but there are some principles that can help us. First and foremost we must have some capital. We will write a custom essay sample on How to make a good business? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let’s establish – we need around 50000 zlotys. If we want, we can look for a partner but as for me I would like to do it on my own. So when we have got some money we should invest them. We can for example open a shop. But there are a lot of shops so there is a large competition and we should be aware of it and get ready to it. WE have to think what goods would sell best. Perhaps some second-hand clothes that are so popular recently in Poland? Everything depends on us, our ideas and involvement in the matter. We can also invest in education. Why not? Lots of people think about their future and want to become well-educated in order to find a good job. That is why we can open a foreign language school. To make our potential school attractive, we should think about some interesting solutions that would attract people’s attention. Maybe low prices of courses, a possibility of taking part in interesting discussions during classes etc. We must remember that at the beginning the profit is not the most important. First we ought to encourage people, to make them believe that we are special and unique. We must have well-trained staff, good conditions of work and what is important – high quality of teaching. If not, we will not become successful. A client is our sir! We cannot forget about it. We cannot let him leave us. That is why it is very good to organize competitions or promotions. Happiness, competence and optimism will bring us success and a lot of money. Advertising appeared for the first time in Europe early in the 17th century and Britain was the pioneer. Nowadays we can observe a great development of different means of information transfer. The mass media are connected not only with the show business, entertainment and science but also with trade, the stock exchange and other fields of economics. That is why during TV serials or other broadcasts, in nearly every magazine and newspaper, one can find, read, see or hear hundreds of advertisements. What does the phenomenon of the advertising consist in? First and foremost, it is connected with special techniques for creating adverts, striving for maximum impact on people’s minds by using psychological methods. According to a poster maker Benetton – advertisements do not sell products or ideas but a false and hypnotizing model of happiness. Half-truths rule the world of advertising. It means that commercials and advertisements creators can use metaphors and embellishments while presenting the advantages of their products. But in some countries it is forbidden as for example in France where one cannot use in commercials and advertisements adjectives and adverbs in the superlative degree. But who is able to resist the temptation created by commercials and advertisements? Sometimes it is very hard, as we want to have the best products, to be modern. With enthusiasm we let ourselves be persuaded to follow various fashions and cults. For some time now the fashion for techno music in the Polish advertising industry has been growing more and more intense and it influences young people. Moreover, some people claim that techno music is a very popular youth subculture thanks to which it is easy to win over young people. It is commonly known that one of the most important aims of the advertising industry is to attract people’s attention. That is why most commercials and advertisements feature the young and the beautiful. It contracts with all disasters in the world: war, hunger. To form an opinion on the problem given in the topic, it is worth watching the TV programme by Tomasz Kamel – â€Å"Kup pan cegle†. The programme exposes the mechanisms of advertising and tries to show its true, dual nature. To sum up I would like to say that advertising is both manipulation and a marketing tool. Some psychologists say that advertising can be dangerous, as excessive submission to standards does not always bring favourable effects. And even if it seems to be impossible to avoid the contact with advertisements and commercials we can defend ourselves from its influence by treating it â€Å"with a pinch of salt†. Speech about environment. We approach to welcome twenty-first century. Everyone is happy because world is going to be better. The horrible illnesses and problems of population, poverty and wars started to disappear. World starts to change and everybody think: Yes, maybe tomorrow it will be better. People go to their jobs and they earn money. The most important for them it is to have a good car, big home with swimming pool. Only a few people think what happens with our environment. With trees, with rivers, with woods. Now everyone is busy and not many people see that everything what is round us is going to die. Have you ever asked yourself how environment can be damaged? Do you think about it when you leave the light in your room when you go out? Do you read a note on the packets of some products that you buy in supermarket? I\’m sure that you don\’t. You don\’t want to waste your time so you use deodorant with CFC, you throw the rubbish into the sea and you don\’t mind when all lights at your home are switched on, do you? So, you see that everyone damages environment although he is unaware of it. Now the most important dangers are: sun\’s radiation, devorestation and pollution. Sun\’s radiation are bad, very bad for our skin. If the ozone layer disappeared we would have burns and our skin wouldn\’t be just like before. The burns of sun\’s radiation leave horrible scars and later we could have problems. So the scientists scream: use less electricity, don\’t smoke, use less products with CFC. All these things damage the ozone layer, which protects us from sun\’s radiation. We should use bicycles, we shouldn\’t burn forests, we should throw litter on beaches. We should be \†green\† and protect our planet. We have to use ozone friendly things because holes in the ozone layer might become bigger. Poland is a country where it is a big problem with pollution. Our beaches, sea, rivers and forests are polluted and it looks horrible. People don\’t want to swim or walk there. So I think that we must organise an action called Clean up the world At least for one week we could clean our hausing estates , we could put in more rubbish beens. We might join ecologists and then our planet will be beautiful. Can the problem of crime be solved? There is a lot of crime in our world. We meet it every day. We read about it in newspapers, hear in radio and TV, we watch films full of murders and violence. People murder other people, even children in age 12, even less, become killers. They often do it without any available and reasonable reason. They have strange requirement , they like to see blood and pain on their victim’s face. There are a lot of lawbreaker: arsonists, shoplifters, muggers, vandals, kidnappers, pickpockets, drug dealers, assassin, hooligans, smugglers, forgers, etc. It is dangerous to walk alone at night. We can became a victim of crime. We can meet group of young people with sticks and if we won’t give them money they will beat us. In large cities there are a lot of unemployed people who have no useful work skills , they don’t work, can’t work, don’t pay taxes. There are also alcoholics and drug addicts. Those people steal money or goods to pay for their drugs, alcohol, food. Their crimes cost people a lot. There are also angry young people who destroy property and commit violence. In this time more popular, on the wrong meaning, become terrorism. All world is under impression of assassination on World Trade Center. Everybody knows, who Osama bin Laden is. But there are also many crimes which aren’t public, which haven’t got witnesses. They pass in private houses, flats. We don’t know how many women and children are beaten by husbands and fathers. Those men very often overuse alcohol or do it sobered. Women and kids are frightened and they don’t have courage to go at the police station. Can the problem of crime be solved? I don’t think so. It is long and hard work. We can’t battle violence overnight. I think that criminals should suffer punishment. If they don’t take penalty more people will commit violence. They will think, that they can avoid responsibility. I think that prisons which are only for punishment don’t change criminals into good citizens. They live in bone cells, in a severe regime. When they are released they commit other crimes. The prisoners should cooperate with psychiatrists, group therapy sessions. But it is also hard work. Results depend on a person. If the criminal wants a change, he will do it. But usually they don’t want any changes, because they think, that their â€Å"job† is good. I think that good way of rehabilitation is giving sentences to serve in the community. But not for every prisoner. Some of them, for example the one who murdered another man, shouldn’t take such punishment, because they can once again make many damages. I don’t know what to think about death penalty. On the one hand I support it, because it is a good punishment for someone who committed hard crime. On the other hand we haven’t got a law to kill other people. We hurt their families, we deprive children of fathers or mothers, wives of husbands, parents of children, etc. Huge variety of tourist attactions Thanks to the liberalization of regulations, the elimination of visas, and improved standards, of tourist services, as well as a favourable geographical location and competitive prices, Poland is witnessing promotion in the world ranking of attractive destinations for tourists. It is estimated that the number of foreign tourists to Poland will increase by 3-4% per year. Every year the number of tourists in Poland is growing. Are Polish tourist organisations currently capable of providing suitable conditions and safety for foreign visitors? Our office is doing its best to satisfy the demands and needs of tourists. However it is not always easy as the total number of hotels in Poland is only 844 with 80,000 beds, which in comparison with almost 20 million tourists visiting Poland is a drop in the ocean. However there is more accommodation than the official number reported by the Main Statistics Office (GUS). The majority of these are rooms in private houses. Despite the fact that they do not provide a suitable standard of services, they are the only way to fill the gap in the market. Experts in the tourist market believe that Poland needs about 200 two star hotels, with at least 120 beds each. In connection with the growing number of tourists visiting Poland every year, we have witnessed an increase in the number of places available to house tourists (in 1995 it was 9,345, 199611,075, and 1997 12,000). The biggest increase was the number of hotels, increasing from 686 in 1995 to 844 in 1997. Motels increased from 95 in 1995 to 102 in 1996 up to 120 in 1997. Guest houses increased from 305 in 1995 to 372 in 1996 up to 433 in 1997. Rooms in private houses rose from 1,760 in 1995 to 3,312 in 1996 up to 4,221 in 1997. The number of holiday camps has also increased from 224 in 1995 to 245 in 1996 up to 266 in 1997. As a result in the increase in the tourist market, research was conducted in 1997 to examine the sport and recreational facilities provided with the accommodation. The findings revealed that 3,023 places have volley or basketball courts, 3,012 offer table tennis, 1,411 offer boat hire 1,315 offer billiards, and 1,007 rent bicycles. Nine hundred and fourty nine have play rooms for children, 840 tennis courts, 817 have a sauna and 721 have a gym. A small a number of places provide solariums (318) and ind.oor swimming pools (170) and mini golf (145). From these statistics we can see that tourist facilities in Poland are so diverse that they can satisfy all types of tourists. In the last few years there have been major changes in Polish tourism. What are the directions of these changes and what can foreign visitors expect as a result of them? One of the signs of the transformation in Polish tourism is the new law regulating tourist services, which came into force on July 1st 1998. The purpose of this law is to protect the interests of tourists in line with western standards. Based on this law we are introducing a classification system for places offering tourist accommodation. The law also provides a legal basis for using the terms hotel, motel, guest house, youth hostels, holiday camps, camp sites etc, specifying a definition and requirements for each category. The law also includes penalties for misuse of these names. The new law also regulates the requirements surrounding tourist agencies and intermediaries, to comply with the European Union Directive No. 90/ 314. The Directive emphasizes the obligation of association member states and tourist agencies to insure financial security for its clients. This insurance should. cover all payments by clients and the ability to return tourists home. The law also envisages increasing the skills and qualifications of employees and directors of tourist agencies, hotel employees and tour guides. We very often hear how Poland is slow to adopt West European norms for protecting the environment. Relatively little is said about those many regions in Poland, where large scale pro-ecological projects are underway. How do you, Mr President, view the situation? One of the regions particularly attractive for tourists because it has a great unspoilt variety of wildlife is called â€Å"The Green Lungs of Poland†, located in the north-east of Poland and compromising some 18% of the total area of Poland. It is a re.gion of unprecedented. natural beauty, which is relatively unpolluted. and with great geomorphologic and landscape variety. It is characterized by a great number of fore.sts and farmland, as well as a low level of urbanization and industrialization, and has a low population density. Many protected areas are also located here, such as National Parks, nature reserves, and areas of protected landscape which makes this region particularly important, not just for Poland, but for the whole of Europe. This unique area of nature, its spa qualities and varieties of wildlife and culture make the â€Å"Green Lungs of Poland.† attractive for various forms of tourism, leisure and recreation, and spa centres. This all provides immense potential for both domestic and foreign tourism. The basic concept of â€Å"Green Lungs of Poland† initiated by the members of the Polish Tourist Country Lovers’ Association, was the harmonious and stable social and economic development of the North-east region of Poland. The publicizing of this idea led to the signing of an agreement between regional authorities and has been taken up in government documents. The President of State Sports and Tourism Administration is one of the thirty signatories of this agreement. The administration is interested in the possibilities for tourism in this region and in introducing various forms of tourism that would fit in with the local ecology and the needs of nature. Will foreign visitors find favourable conditions and varied attractions during their holiday in Poland? The World Tourist Organization (WTO) places Poland 7th in the ranking of tourist travel. It is a very good position which makes it possible to satisfy tourist expectations and meet world tourist market trends. Some of these trends include: taking more than one holiday a year, city-break holidays, which are now the second low season type of travel, the increased demand for trips including an educational aspect, and the growing demand for active holidays and agrotourism, particularly by tourists from Western Europe for short stay holidays. Trends in the world tourist market have an influence on the development of tourism in Europe, including Poland. Taking into account the present demand for tourism in Poland on the primary market, as well as the potential resources and possibilities, Poland has concentrated its efforts to create and promote quality in the areas of city and culture tourism, recreational, active and agrotourism, specialized holidays, cross-border tourism as well as for business travel, and transit traffic. Poland has a huge variety of tourist attractions. For nature lovers there is the sea, the mountains, the lakes, national and landscape parks, nature reserves, rivers, forests and numerous spas. Poland also has many historical and cultural attractions which belong to the world heritage of culture. These include ancient ruins, monuments, old towns, castles, palaces, parks, churches and museums. Another feature that makes Poland an attractive destination for tourists is the many international sports and cultural events which even by themselves are very attractive. All these attractions have tremendous potential and make people curious to visit new places. For the sports and specialized holidays which are increasingly popular, Poland offers great facilities for water sports, such as sailing, and canoeing, winter sports (such as cross country skiing as well as mountain skiing), cycling, hiking, climbing, caving, horse riding, etc. Polish traditional hospitality and openness means that Pol and is a friendly country for every visitor and our tourist attractions make Poland a good destination for tourists. Do the favourable changes in Polish tourism create opportunities for foreign investors? If so, in what areas and how are they used? At the moment we have been witnessing the dynamic development of catering, accommodation, and recreational facilities. At the same time almost every Polish gmina and town located in attractive tourist regions has a range of offers for investors to help develop these kinds of facilities and infrastructure. Another area of foreign investment is, for example, the construction of conference centres. East-Central Europe enjoys a lot of interest from people all over the world. That is why many international organizations hold events in Prague or Budapest. Unfortunately Warsaw is less frequently the destination for these events due to a lack of facilities. I earlier mentioned the increase in the number of accommodation and catering facilities in Poland. This is also due to foreign investors, who can see the great demand for such places and realize that Poland is a country with good opportunities for investment. Tourism in the Nation’s Economy The Word Tourist Organisation (WTO) places Poland 7th in the ranking of tourist travel. It is very good position, which make it possible to satisfy tourist expectation and meet world tourist market trends. Some of these trends include: taking more than one holiday a year, the increased demand for trips including an educationally aspect, and growing demand for active holiday and agrotourism, particularly by tourists by Western Europe for short stay holidays. Trends in the word tourist market have an influence on the development of tourist in Europe, including Poland. Taking into account the present demand for tourist in Poland on the primary, as well as the potential resources and possibilities, Poland has concentrated its effort to create and promote quality in the areas of city and culture tourism, recreational, active and agrotourism, specialised holidays, cross-boarder tourism as well as for business travel, and transit traffic. Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of ind ustry of Poland. Every year the number of tourists organisation are doing their the best to satisfy the demands and needs of tourists. However is it not always easy, as the total number of hotels in Poland is only 844 with 80000 beds. It is a drop in ocean in comparison with almost 20 million tourists visiting Poland. The rooms in private houses fill the gap in the market. The sport and recreational facilities provided with the accommodation include volley and basketball, tennis courts, playrooms for children. Many places offer table tennis, boat hire. Some of them have sauna, have a gym or hire bicycles. A small a number of places providers solarium and indoor swimming pool and mini golf. We can see that tourist facilities in Poland are so diverse that we can satisfy all types of tourists. Poland has a huge variety of tourist attractions. For nature lovers there is the sea, the mountains, the lakes, national and landscape parks, nature reserves, rivers and forests. Poland has many historical and culture attraction, which belong to the word heritage of culture. These include ancient ruins, monuments, old towns, castles, palaces, churches and museums. Another features that makes Poland an attractive destination for tourist is the many international sports and cultural events, which even by themselves are very attractive. All these attraction have tremendous potential and make people curious to visit new places. For the sports and specialised holidays, which are increasingly popular, Poland offer great facilities for water sports, canoeing, winter sports (such as cross country skiing as well as mountain skiing), cycling, hiking, climbing, horse riding etc. Polish tradition hospitality and openness means that Poland is a friendly country for every visitor and our tourist a ttraction make Poland a good destination for tourists. In 1996 Poland attracted almost 23 million tourists and visitors who spent at least one night in our country (as classified by the Word Tourism Organisation). Many of them were transit visitors but the majorities were day-tripper shoppers. According to central bank’s official cross boarder shopping generated approximately 6,3 billion USD in 1996. The average length of stay of tourist in Poland stands at 4,7 nights per person. Since 1995 foreign visitors have decelerated their main reason for visiting Poland as being relaxation and tourism and spent around $ 8,4 billion. In terms of revenue from tourism Poland holds 14th position in the world. Around 10 million Poles over 15 years old went on holiday in 1996. The majority of domestic travels stayed in private accommodation. The average Polish tourist spent 9,2 nights abroad, half of this number organised their trips individually. Most popular were trips to the neighbouring countries. Around $ 2,5 billion spent by Poles abroad i n 1996. The tourism industry is comprised of services rendered by travel agents and hotels. In practice its revenue is made up both directly (by transport companies, the catering industry, and telecommunications) as well as indirectly by companies from many sectors of economy. The latter group includes furniture manufactures, house building services, the food industry and agriculture. According to assessment of Polish Chamber of Tourism, there is room for between 8000 to 10000 travel agents on the Polish market. Approximately a third of services rendered by travel agents by major tour operators as Orbis, PTTK, Gromada and others. The Polish market ha not created a major tourist company which could operate on a European scale. A few foreign companies have invested in the hotel business in Poland by building luxury hotels in the largest Poland cities (examples include the Marriott, the Holiday Inn). This sector is expected to grow rapidly. The largest owner of hotels in Poland is Orbis also being the largest Polish travel agent. Its network includes 53 hotels, all situated in attractive location. Poland is likely to at least maintain its current position on the global tourism market, providing the more expenditure for the development of tourism infrastructure, improving its quality and increasing on promotion. Business in Poland For several years now, Poland has been arousing interest as an attractive place for investment and commerce. The private sector is currently experiencing dynamic growth: both home-grown firms basing themselves on their own financial resources and joint ventures launched together with foreign capital, which is entering Poland in increasing amounts. Some 7,000 joint ventures have already been established in Poland, engaged in production, distribution, consultancy and other services. The giants of West European and American manufacturing and commerce are also taking part in the privatisation of Polish industry. Firms already operating in Poland include such household names as Coca Cola, Johnson and Johnson, Ikea, Siemens, Philip Morris, and many others besides. Although this expansion of international commercial activity is affecting the entire country, Warsaw’s status as the national capital makes it the city most frequently visited by foreign businessmen. It is Warsaw which offers easiest access to all manner of legal and economic information, and it is here that we find the headquarters of various Polish business organisations which provide organisational and legal assistance to foreign business partners. In addition to the expert knowledge which is available, those interested in doing business in Poland also have ready access to all necessary technical facilities. Orbis hotels provide professional business centres offering suitable premises, communications facilities, secretarial services and state-of the-art office equipment. Poland has also become an interesting and convenient place for all kinds of meeting, conference, congress and exhibition. All inclusive assistance in arranging the requisite facilities is available from the ORBIS Incoming Tourism Bureau, which has nearly thirty years of experience in this field. The Bureau can boast the successful organisation of hundreds of events involving thousands of participants, and has taken part in organising undertakings of such size as the visits of Pope John Paul II to his homeland. Depending on the number of participants, meetings in Warsaw can be held in the Victoria, Holiday Inn or Novotel hotels, or in the Congress Hall of the Palace of Culture and Science, which seats 2,500. Events can also be arranged in the Holiday Inn in Cracow, the Gdynia Hotel in Gdynia, and in numerous other stately homes and small hotels throughout the length and breadth of Poland. The Orbis Incoming Tourism Bureau is involved in the provision of three types of service: * the organisation of participants’ stay in Poland, including hotel accommodation, transport, short sightseeing excursions, tickets for cultural and artistic events, receptions, special activities, etc.; * the organisation of meetings/conferences, including the co-ordination of programmes and financial budgeting, the hire of halls, the provision of secretarial, technical and interpretation/translation services, the supply of photo-copying equipment and buffet facilities, the preparation of press conferences, etc.; * the organisation of exhibitions, including the hire of display space, the construction and decoration of stands, the provision of technical assistance, advertising, publications, etc. Over the years, the Orbis Incoming Tourism Bureau has earned itself the recognition of many international organisations, including the major agencies of the United Nations and the International Congress and Convention Association. The Polish National Tourist Office (PNTO) in London is succeeding in putting the message across that Poland is the natural choice as a tourist destination. â€Å"Over 217,500 people from the UK visited Poland in 1996. This makes the UK the second most important market after Germany. The rise in the number of tourists from the UK continues unabated. We estimate that by the end of 1997 Poland will receive about one quarter of a million UK visitors†, says Czeslaw Jermanowski, Director of the PNTO. He is aware of the increasing importance of business travel to Poland and promotion of the country’s diverse holiday attractions as a range of products. â€Å"Within two years we have accomplished a lot. Poland is now a more interesting travel destination to the British public†. Since the PNTO launched its London office in 1994 the number of tour operators featuring Poland in their brochures has increased dramatically. In total, more then 86 L1K tour operators have been selling trips to Poland in 1997. Thompson Holidays, one of the major players in British market, includes Warsaw and Krakow City Breaks in its 1997 catalogue, and has planned to extend its offer to include Polish nature resorts – lakes and mountains – in 1998. Jermanowski points out that Warsaw is in fact 2 miles closer to London than Madrid. Poland is also moving up the list of important business venues. He emphasises the Polish governments support for business tourism. Two years ago Polish authorities established a tourist board committee on business travel. It helped to create new facilities for meeting, conferences and a high standard of service for individual business travellers. This year Britain’s prestigious â€Å"Business Travel World† Magazine has once again awarded LOT Polish Airlines the title of † Best Eastern European Business Airline† LOT emerged clear winner in this category; ahead of Lufthansa and British Airways. This year LOT has carried more passengers than ever before. Non-stop London Heathrow – Warsaw flights are being increased from 13 to 16 a week. In addition, April 1997 saw the start of the Manchester-Warsaw air-link, three days a week. There is also a London Gdansk-Krakow service. Travellers arriving from the UK into Warsaw or Krakow find the rest of Poland easily accessible. LOT Polish Airlines maintain regular and seasonal connections with major Polish cities such as Szczecin, Gdansk, Poznan, Wroclaw, Krakow and Rzeszà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½w. â€Å"One part of the Polish tourist infrastructure which has already been developed is Poland’s rail network which is one of the most comprehensive in Europe†, says Jermanowski. The Polish government has recently realised that tourism gives the country a great opportunity. Jermanowski, who was Vice-President of the State Sports and Tourism Administration in Warsaw before coming to London in 1995, was responsible for compiling the government’s tourist development plan and for establishing a world-wide network of national tourist offices. Now tourism is part of Polish economic policy. VAT has been reduced from 22 to 7% on four and five star hotels. Furthermore, tax exemptions of up to 50% for creators of tourist infrastructure have been introduced. The 1990-1996 period has seen the number of hotels in Poland grow by 30% as more and more Polish and foreign chains have taken advantage of the burgeoning tourist industry and favourable tax law. Major chains such as Marriott, Holiday Inn, Radisson, Forte, Intercontinental and Sheraton are all represented in Poland in Addition to the Polish chains of Orbis and Gromada. The range of medium and smaller private hotels is growing fast. â€Å"Poland used to be perceived as very distant, small, grey and underdeveloped country†, says Jermanowski. â€Å"We’ve tried to improve its image. Today, Poland is a modern sophisticated country, with an air of optimism and development. We’ve worked hard to ensure that Poland is unpolluted and environmentally friendly. Our logo – Polska, the natural choice – shows that Poland can offer sandy coastlines, mountains, primeval forest and lake districts, along with cities rich in history and culture†. According to the PNTO’s research, the city-break Polish market is strong. Krakow recorded the highest percentage of travellers, higher then the 26 per cent visiting Warsaw, in the first half of 1997. This reflects the increased ease of access to the â€Å"cultural capital† of Poland, soon to be â€Å"Capital of Culture† in year 2000. Market research shows that Southern Poland, including Zakopane and the Tatra mountains, is a prime destination for LTK travellers. Pomerania and Central-East Poland are the second most popular destinations. The growth in tourist traffic to Poland is being reflected by the increase in the number of operators offering Poland in their brochures and the growth of travel arranged by their agencies. For instance between 1996 and 1997 Peltours turnover has increased by nearly 100 %, Page Moy – 60%, and Wallace Arnold – nearly 50%. â€Å"This indicates increased business opportunities for the UK travel industry†, says Jermanowski. The Polish National Tourist Office in London intends to continue its efforts to promote Poland as an attractive travel destination. Nothing succeeds like success. How to cite How to make a good business?, Papers

Vonneguts Statement upon Human Nature free essay sample

Evensongs Statement upon Human Nature Questioning ones actions towards others can define an individuals character instantly. In several of Evensongs stories the use of satire, or use of humor and ridicule expose societys flaws and usage of irony, using language that signifies the opposite, for an emphatic effect renders mankinds selfish nature. Kurt Opponent, author of Welcome to the Monkey House exercises the use of satire and irony to explain how humans will be intolerant and take advantage of each other. The author uses satire in Report on the Farmhouse Effect to reveal the selfish insights of human nature. The professor states l admit I know next to nothing about international politics, but it seems reasonable to suppose that nobody would want to fight wars if there were enough of everything to go around (Opponent 182). The discovery of the professors powers led to the American military desire to abuse it. We will write a custom essay sample on Vonneguts Statement upon Human Nature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The professors intention for the use of his power did not include harming individuals, which contradicted the military plans for personal and military gain which involved Jeopardizing the lives of foreign citizens. The military desire for personal and military gain is selfish because it declares that the government would rather seek a violent solution rather than a peaceful one instead. The professor declares l have never dared to concentrate as hard as I can for fear of the damage I might do (Opponent 180). This statement is ironic because it exposes that the professor did not want to harm anyone but the nations political and military only sews him as a weapon against other countries rather than a way to aid the world. Opponent provides these details to show how people are selfish for only regarding to their requests. This shows selfish human nature because the government wanted to tailor their needs rather than see the potential of the international benefits the professors powers could have complied too. In the short story IPECAC Opponent usage of irony and satire discloses how people will take advantage of another for self-interest. IPECAC asked Whats love? Whats girl? asked IPECAC. Flabbergasted I noted the dial settings on his control panel, then lugged a Webster Unabridged Dictionary over to the keyboard. (Opponent 300). This statement is ironic because IPECAC is a valuable machine used to solve military problems; however the narrator installed and taught the machine irrelevant lessons to solve his personal problems. This represents how a person will take advantage of another because the narrator reprogrammed this war machine to do his bidding and after it is completed he will o longer have a use for the machine. After writing poetry for the narrators lover IPECAC fell in love, but the narrator explains to it that since it is only a machine it cannot love. This cruel irony represents how individuals will take advantage of another for personal gain. The narrator claimed l loved and won -IPECAC loved and lost (Opponent 304). Satire is seen here because the narrator used IPECAC so that his lover, Pat would agree to marry him. The narrator had no more use for IPECAC and crushed IPECAC hope for love. This displays how an individual will take benefit from another for selfish reasons. This is vital because society allows this behavior it will destroy trust amongst each other and many healthy relationships . IPECAC was an innocent machine that was built for war, but after discovering love through poetry it was denied of its true feelings by the narrator. By disregarding Ipecacs emotions after teaching him, a machine who was not initially programmed to love the narrator proves that individuals will take advantage of each other for personal benefit. Seeing how society has formed itself where individuals will take advantage of each other to satisfy themselves represents how egocentric a person can be. Opponent exposes this using satire and irony several times through characters that have resorted to extremes by being taken advantage of for personal benefit. When inquiring about ones intentions or reasoning behind their actions we should also regard our own because providing help or taking advantage of others purely for the sake of your own benefit does not Justify a persons actions by any meaner.

Gulf Fertilizer Company Strategies

Strategic Planning Mission and vision statements, core values and organisational goals have become defining forces in the formulation of organisational strategy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Gulf Fertilizer Company Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To this end, some strategists note that mission and vision statements, core values and goals can offer options to a tedious work of organisational planning (Dobson, Starkey and Richards 10). This is because stakeholders look at organisations in terms of their mission and vision statements, core values and goals. These factors define the long-term purpose of a company with regard to its services and products. Organisational strategies and objectives must support its vision and mission statements, core values, and goals. Vision and mission statements, core values, and goals should show the purpose of the firm in terms of the main business, principal values and aspirations. It should also show key stakeholders and principles of the code of conduct to guide employees on how to behave. Therefore, we shall focus on these strategies when formulating vision and mission statements, core values and goal for Gulf Fertilizer. This is a start-up organisation that needs well-formulated statements to provide strategies that can radically transform it for the markets it serves. These are the mission and vision statements, core values and goals of Gulf Fertilizer. Mission statement Gulf Fertilizer is a global leader in the provision of fertilizer to farmers. We are a leading fertilizer company that combines various processes and technology to produce high quality fertilizer. There is no other company in the world that produces fertilizer to farmers the way we do by integrating technology and research. Vision statement Gulf Fertilizer is dedicated to providing the best quality fertilizer with the aim of value creation for farmers and quality performa nce of crops, and providing productive and sustainable farming in society at large. Organisational goal To provide the best fertilizer manufactured with the state-of-the-art technology and research.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Core values Proving the best quality natural and organic fertilizers available Delighting and satisfying customers through meeting their diverse needs Creating ongoing win-win partnerships with suppliers Caring about farmers and the environment Promoting the safety and health of farmers through education programmes on fertilizer handling and usages Description of the organizational environment, both the internal functions and the external context The internal environment an organisation reflects features within the organisation. These are resources, culture, strategies, competence, and behaviours among others. Some elements of the internal envir onment may relate to the management, whereas others affect the entire organisation. Gulf Fertilizer is a progressive organisation that empowers its workforce to make decisions that drive business. Some elements of the internal environment of the company include the following. Organisational Resources These refer to the company’s human resources and other inputs that produce products through combinations of various processes. Gulf Fertilizer needs resources like money, raw materials, facilities, knowledgeable workforce, and manpower in order to produce products for various markets. Gulf Fertilizer must ensure availability of products and meet the costs of these resources so as to ensure success of its goals, strategy, mission and vision. Organisational Behaviour These are behaviours within the organisation originating from forces and influences of management and workforce. They can influence usages of available resources. Gulf Fertilizer promotes functional behaviours to ensur e that relevant departments get adequate resources. Distinctive Competence This is the strength the company has among its major rivals. The company has distinctive competence in its core functional area like research and development, finance, human resources, and marketing systems. The company evaluates its strength in terms of skills and abilities that enable it to implement its core strategies.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Gulf Fertilizer Company Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Gulf Fertilizer can address its weaknesses by investing its resources so as to achieve the strength necessary for implementation of strategies. The company can also change its mission so that the available skills and resources can support it (Roberts 49). Functional Plans and Policies The company strategy should serve its plans and business policies. Implementation of these plans and policies influence the eff ectiveness of strategic management. Functional plans and policies shall help Gulf Fertilizer in the following areas. First, plans and policies ensure that the company implement its strategic decisions across all departments. Second, the company has capabilities to control processes in different areas of its operation. Third, functional plan and policies shall reduce time spent in decision-making processes as the organisation already has plans. It shall also help the organisation distribute its resources fairly in core areas that need them. Finally, there is coordination among all departments of the organisation. The external environment entails all elements outside the company which have effects on growth its growth. The company has little or lack control over external environment elements. However, the organisation must monitor them and adapt accordingly. We shall focus on areas that have significant effects on Gulf Fertilizer. Competition Gulf Fertilizer shall face competition fro m well-established companies like FAUJI Fertilizer Company, Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries Company (ADFERT), Saudi Aramco, and Oman India Fertilizer Company (OMIFCO) among others. These industries have a regional presence, strong market relations, large in sizes, better facilities, and high skills. Customers Gulf Fertilizer shall directly supply its products to farmers. It will also set up distribution outlets in the region. Global context The company shall assume a regional context in the Gulf region and Middle East. Its expansion strategy shall focus on Africa, Asia, and the US.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Resources The company shall rely on external resources such as efficient road networks in the UAE, logistic capabilities, power supply and manpower for its success. Skilled Workers The company shall utilise available and qualified labour pool in the production of its products especially in research and development of new products. It shall also observe changes in the labour market so as to adjust with shifts in the labour market. This shall prevent the company from losing qualified employees. Raw Materials Gulf Fertilizer shall avoid any disruption in the supply of raw materials to ensure its continuous operation. It shall also watch fluctuating costs of raw materials. This shall also include storage facilities, transport facilities and subcontract to other organisations. Finance The company shall rely on its initial investment of one billion dirham in driving its operation. Since Gulf Fertilizer is a start-up company, it has little avenues of raising capitals. Technology The compan y shall rely on technology for efficiency in its production. This shall also include technical tools in the production processes. Laws and Regulations Gulf Fertilizer shall apply good corporate governance and ensure effective implementation of the region’s laws and regulations. However, it shall also take into account costs associated with compliance especially in the environmental area. Current organizational chart showing functional relationships and lines of communication Management structure strengthens the culture of a company by providing foundations, showing planned relationships, communication line, and providing outline boundaries in which the firm’s activities take place. The management structure must accommodate all aspects of varied departments. However, it can ignore conflicting expectations of the constituents (Miner 147). There are two main strategies of designing a company’s structure. These are mechanistic and organic structure approaches. Tradi tionally, structures depicted power delegations, authority relations, and communication lines among others. The mechanistic management structure provides a single line of reporting and communicating that employees follow rigidly. Employees in similar horizontal structures have no power or authority over each other. On the other hand, the organic structure lacks rigid or fixed hierarchy. Workers can work together to finish a project, and then provide help in other areas. In addition, employees can also handle more than a single project at any given time. Workers can have a manager, many managers, or none at all. In such situations, the firm expects its workforce to exercise self-leadership. Gulf Fertilizer shall adopt an organic management structure to ensure effective operation and coordination among departments. This structure shall also work best because the company is new. Below is the proposed management structure. Breakdown of the organisational structure in terms of character istics, size, line and staff components or administrative and operational components, and examples of differentiation in terms of vertical and horizontal components, integration, centralization, standardization, formalization and specialization The organisational structure and related information depict the division and coordination of the work of the firm among various departments (Kazmi 25). This provides specific functions for every department among all functional areas of the organisation. Breakdown of the organisational structure is necessary so that processes and policies have clear coordination for maximum achievement of the core goals and strategies. These strategies become functional strategies of the organisation. The firm can create them from its corporate and business strategies. It is necessary that the company aligns its strategy implementation with the capabilities of its resources (Griffin 78). Organisational strategies work at different levels. However, a company mu st create congruence and coordination of all its different strategies. This is the importance of vertical and horizontal elements of strategies. These processes should create both vertical and horizontal fit for the company. Vertical elements create a necessary definition of various functional strategies with regard to their capabilities within the functional area so as to enhance the strategic advantage of the company. Gulf Fertilizer functional strategies with the focus on both horizontal and vertical elements shall focus on the following key areas. First, the company shall focus on strategic sales and marketing management. The aim of this strategy is to align marketing strategies of the firm alongside its core goals in order to achieve strategic advantage in the market. Second, the company shall also focus on strategic, financial management in order to control costs of operation and maximise returns for shareholders. This is a key strategy that the company will use to achieve str ategic advantage against its competitors. Third, the company must also pay attention to its operations management. The company should align operations management with its business and organisational strategies so that it creates a competitive advantage. Fourth, Gulf Fertilizer must also focus on recruiting and retaining the best talents in order to achieve success from its human resources capabilities. This implies that the company must focus on demographic shifts in the workforce and adjust its recruitment strategies. Strategic management of human resources shall ensure that the company has recruited, retained and exploited its human resources for the overall strategic advantage of the company. Fifth, the company must also manage its research and development strategies in order to create the best fertilizer for its customers. This is a crucial area in the success of the company. It ensures growth and survival the company. The company must introduce technology, facilities, and knowl edge and skills that can facilitate this strategy. Horizontal element of the company shall ensure integration of different operational activities within the company that produce products for customers. Thus, the company must ensure integration during implementation processes of operations management. Centralization The company shall operate with heads of departments that report to the director. Standardization The company shall learn to standardise its processes as it comes of age. In the beginning, there shall be limited standardisation of processes. Formalization The company shall not operate with formal written rules. However, it shall change its rules as it matures. Specialization Organic management structure allows employees to have overlapping roles and perform various tasks. However, this is likely to change as employees become specialists in their areas. Estimate of the organizational life cycle in terms of where it has come from and where it is going and comment about short term objectives and longer range strategy A start-up like Gulf Fertilizer must go through a life cycle like any other company. This implies that directors and other staff must perform all the necessary functions to keep the business running. However, the future survival of the organisation requires changes from these practices found in start-ups. Thus, the management must recognise processes that the firm is undergoing. The management must understand issues that the company faces in its life cycle. This creates a sense of insight and provides opportunities on how management can respond to various issues the company faces during operation. As the organisation changes, it acquires new features different from the old ones. Daft provided a summary of an organisational life cycle upon which we define life cycle of Gulf Fertilizer (Daft 135). Gulf Fertilizer Life Cycle.  (Adapted from Daft, 1992) Birth Youth Midlife Maturity Size Small Medium Large Very large Division of labour Overlapping tasks Some departments Many departments Extensive, with small jobs and many descriptions Centralization One-person rule Two leaders rule Two department heads Top-management heavy Formalization No written rules Few rules Policy and procedures manuals Extensive Internal systems Nonexistent Crude budget and information system Control systems in place; budget, performance, reports, etc. Extensive planning, financial, and person Short-term Objectives The short-term objectives of the company shall focus on the first year of its operation. The company shall focus on growth and expansion in terms of sales, finance, and market share. The company shall also concentrate on employees and management of the company. The process shall involve recruiting top talents for the organisation. New employees shall also undergone training and take various responsibilities within the company. Gulf Fertilizer must also focus on sales and income. However, this may change as people learn about its products. The company must consider prices, outputs, and demand within the region. Long-term Strategies Gulf Fertilizer shall focus on revenue growths as its core strategy. In order to achieve this goal, the company shall study the market, competition, customers buying behaviour, and provide new products to drive sales. The organisation shall also focus on customer service. The company targets at least 95 percent of positive response from its regular customers. It will redesign customer service approach where necessary so as to ensure customers’ satisfaction. Gulf Fertilizer shall also engage in employee appreciation and reward systems that ensure low staff attrition. This also aims at attracting creative inputs from employees. The company shall also focus on community and the environment. Employees shall volunteer to support community projects and environmental conservation efforts in areas it operates. Strategy Development SWOT analysis SWOT analysis shall offer G ulf Fertilizer advantages by identifying areas where it can focus and create a niche. At the same time, the company shall also understand the fertilizer industry in the Middle East and Gulf region. This process shall also enable the company to identify potential threats and formulate strategies to counteract them. Strength Massive capital of 1 billion dirham Favourable distribution channels Suitability of location Low operational costs Weaknesses Low market penetration High costs of production Similar products in the market Unreliable supply of skilled labour Opportunities Research and Development Technology in production Favourable distribution channels Skilled personnel Market share Availability of natural gas Reliability of supply Increasing capacity for raw materials Threats Market saturation Shortage in key inputs including skilled labour Economic uncertainties such as recession, exchange rates, inflation rates Arab uprising threats Competition Changes in regulat ions and trade policies The PESTEL analysis Economic factors The globe financial crunch of 2008 and the euro crisis were the main economic factors that tested start-ups in the recent period. The prevailing economic conditions influenced how consumers, resellers, and other stakeholders in markets purchase products. Some start-ups closed because their business systems could not sustain difficulties of the recession. However, the financial crisis may create opportunities for new investors with low operating costs. Gulf Fertilizer can take advantage and exploit the vacuum in markets. The fluctuation of exchange rates also has huge potential of affecting the company’s earning and profits. The prevailing market factors are difficult to predict. Thus, the company should prepare for such eventualities in the market. Political factors These may entail taxes, regulations, political unrest in the Middle East and other related political factors. Gulf Fertilizer must operate within t he regulations of Middle East and the Gulf region. The unrest in the Middle East and the Arab spring are major factors that can cause instability in the company. The company must anticipate effects of such unrest before exploring new markets. Social factors The company shall engage in social responsibilities such as conserving the environment and supporting local communities’ initiatives. This shall create a favourable company’s image and enhance its relationship with customers. Such approaches have influence on consumers’ emotions, attitudes, opinions and interests regarding the company and its products. The company must also avoid any negative publicity that may affect its operation. Thus, it must relate well with its customers, communities, suppliers, and other stakeholders in order to enhance it social image among competitions. Technological factors Gulf Fertilizer shall adopt technology in its core operation. The company must actively engage technology in r esearch and development of its new products. Changes in technology shall ensure efficiency and low costs for the company. Technological advancements have changed the way companies conduct business. In fact, Gulf Fertilizer must adopt technology in all its operation and in dealing with external suppliers and relations. Legal factors Gulf Fertilizer must operate with the law of the fertilizer industry in the region so as to avoid expensive lawsuits that shall affect its profits. Therefore, it must avoid charges from regulators, customers, competitors, labour unions, environmentalists, and trade unions among other interested parties. Environmental factors Environmental factors shall also influence Gulf Fertilizer practices. Regulators are keen on the effects of fertilizer materials on the environment. As a result, the company must ensure compliance with the environmental requirements regarding its products in terms of chemical compositions and packaging. It must also minimise productio n of waste materials during manufacturing processes. Protection of the environment has become the key sustainability approach among many manufacturing organisation. Therefore, Gulf Fertilizer must also adopt best practices in the industry when conducting its manufacturing processes. Competition profile analysis Fertilizer companies in the Gulf region and Middle East mainly engage in manufacturing or mixing of fertilizer materials from other sources. The fertilizer industry in the Gulf region grows at a high rate predicted to reach 7.5 percent per annum by 2016. As a result, fertilizer companies should embrace long-term strategies for sustainable growth. Top fertilizer companies in the Gulf region and Middle East Company Market share FAUJI Fertilizer Company Abu Dhabi Fertilizer Industries Company (ADFERT) Oman India Fertilizer Company (OMIFCO) Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals Borouge Fertil Saudi Aramco Total Petrochemicals Strategy map for Gulf Fertilizer showing the different perspective of it along with the cause-and-effect relationships between these different dimensions The strategy map shows cause-and-effect relationships among various key performance indicators and overall goals of the company. Strategy maps originate from the Balanced Scorecard framework (Kaplan and Norton 64). It shows organisational performance through four key areas. Analysis of cause-and-effect relationships in the strategy map breaks down a mission and a strategy to a point where we can identify key performance indicators (KPIs) and objectives as the organisation focuses on detailed and specific objectives. However, in a case where various departments engage in promoting the mission and strategies, then KPIs build a chain that ensure the implementation of organisational, strategic goals and mission. KPIs show the relationship among key activities of the company. For instance, Gulf Fertilizer shall recruit qualified employees and provide them wi th the necessary training. Highly qualified and trained staff shall improve internal processes of the business through developing quality products, and maximise use available resources to satisfy customers’ needs. This has potential of creating customers’ loyalty. Loyal customers will come for repeat purchases thus, increase the company’s profitability and shareholders’ returns. Strategy map adapted from Kaplan Norton, 1996 Strategy Implementation The balanced scorecard: common goals, targets, measures and course of actions along with the responsibility (or department in charge) for each and every perspective of the balanced scorecard At the centre of developing the balanced scorecard are the vision and strategy of the organisation that focus on financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth aspects of the organisation. Learning and growth The HR department shall be responsible for recruiting and training new employees. It shall also e nsure new employees learn culture of the company in order to contribute to the strategic goals of the company. The main goal is to recruit qualified employees who can provide in core areas of the organisation such as sales and marketing, finance department, customer service and operation where the KPIs shall focus. At the same time, recruits must also show considerable knowledge in technology. Internal process Various heads of departments must know how the organisation is performing in all areas of the business such as customer service, product developments, and financial performance among others. The metrics in this area must note how every department is contributing to the overall performance of the company. Customer perspective Customer focus and satisfaction have become key factors in business success. Customers are likely to find other suppliers if they receive poor services from a company. The metric should focus on repeat customers, levels of satisfaction with products and se rvices, and attraction and retention of new customers. All employees must spearhead customer service. Financial perspective Financial performance of an organisation remains crucial to its survival. The financial department should provide timely and accurate financial information to show progress the company makes. The department must also focus on risks and cost-benefit analyses for ensuring healthy reporting. Strategy Evaluation A brief plan of controlling the implementation of the strategy and the balanced scorecard Specific strategies This focuses on measuring performance. Gulf Fertilizer must identify most important objectives relating to achieving excellence in customer service, financial performance, products and services, recruitment and retention of best talents. The company shall also focus on factors that drive results such as employee commitment, technology, customer service, and motivating workforce. At this stage, the focus is also on workforce diversity, leadership, tr aining, company values and their effects on performance (Schiemann 207). The company should perform interview to determine the effectiveness of its strategy, align the team with strategy and identify factors that hinder improvement. This process should result into an action plan for evaluating the balanced scorecard. The balanced scorecard shall help the organisation focus on certain strategy, communicate it to the team, align the team with strategy and make the strategy part of decision-making. Evaluating current measures The assessment reviews current measures against strategies. At the same time, the stage involves reviewing employees’ performance against KPIs in financial performance, customer satisfaction, recruitment and training, and operations management. This process also reviews the effectiveness of the KPIs in measuring performance of the organisation. The aim of this step is to identify any shortcoming in the KPIs and areas of assessment in various departments. Cr eating new focus areas and KPIs The company creates new measures based on the effectiveness of the earlier measures. The process of creating new measures may involve conducting a survey that predicts the outcome in the main business areas. These areas may cover recruitment and selection processes. This should be flexible to meet human resource needs of the company. At the same time, the process must also indicate continuity in training processes. The process should also review employees’ commitment, customer commitment, retention, loyalty, employee participation, clarity of objectives, customer focus, organisational innovation and adaptability and how they influence performance. This process should create refined assessment tools that can work for the company for long time in predicting outcomes in different situations. Using new balanced scorecard KPIs The company should use tools that are easy to implement, understand, and measure. The performance metric for various areas s hould be flexible to reflect set targets and deliverables for evaluation purposes. Analysis and recommendation Analyses of the strategic approach are necessary for creating effective report and recommendations. The company can perform analyses in areas related to core business strategies. These should help the company identify the link between its processes and the actual outcomes. The focus should be on employee productivity, financial performance, customers’ satisfaction, and employees’ retention. The process should aid the organisation in identification of factors that have the significant influence on performance. The process should also provide opportunities of getting insight of returns on investment in terms of profitability, customer repeat purchase, and other areas that measure activities of key stakeholders. The organisation should also use the report for comparison purposes against the industry key players. Such comparisons are useful in setting realistic ta rgets best on what best performers have attained. From the recommendations, the company should implement improvement plans from the senior level with clear priorities, deadlines, and performance targets. This process makes use of the balanced scorecard on a daily routine. The organisation must also track improvement of the implemented recommendations. This helps in identification of emerging issues and formulating their strategies. Finally, the organisation must engage in continuous improvement by using the balanced scorecard to reset goals so as to create long-term competitive advantage. Works Cited Daft, Richard. Organizational Theory and Design. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing, 1992. Print. Dobson, Paul, Kenneth Starkey and John Richards. Strategic Management. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. Print. Griffin, Ricky. Management. 7th ed. London: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002. Print. Kaplan, Robert and David Norton. The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1996. Print. Kazmi, Azhar. Business Policy and Strategic Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill, 2004. Print. Miner, John. Organizational behavior I: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. Print. Roberts, John. The Modern Firm: Organizational Design for Performance and Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Schiemann, William. Creating the Measurement-Managed Organization. Branchburg, NJ: Metrus Group, Inc, 2002. Print. This report on Gulf Fertilizer Company Strategies was written and submitted by user Axel Allison to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Reality in ExistenZ essays

Reality in ExistenZ essays ExistenZ is a film that primarily engages with our perception of reality. It plays on our perceptions of what reality is, cleverly cultivating a sense of the unknown through subtle distortions of our reality; playing with the medium of film which is, in essence, a suspension of disbelief. ExistenZ uses the knowledge that as a viewer we will accept 'the world of the film' to be a reality because, it is a different world, one artificially created which we can accept to be real. We are initially invited to accept the conditions of the film as we, the viewers, begin the film as spectators watching a scene set in the future, seeing the characters attempting to enter into a virtual reality world, one which we can recognise as unreal. We are then invited to question the reality of this world through subtle devices such as the saturation of colour, the background and a two-headed mutant which through Jude Laws eyes we are allowed to see is not unusual, though, at this stage we are still led to believe that this could be reality. The sense that this is the true reality of the film is then further promoted by taking us into the realm of virtual reality inviting us to believe the former world as a truth. ExistenZ plays with our perceptions by constantly changing what we believe to be reality by always leaving it open, but taking us further and further into the unknown. So, we are then forced to question, what is reality? By his multi layered approach which gradually becomes more and more unreal, David Cronenburg leads us to the conclusion that the worlds of the film that are most like ours must be the reality, but a the same time undermining that reality with phrases such as, I am not sure here is here anymore. This is repeatedly reinforced throughout the film with he emphasis that is placed upon the name of the game and its sponsors leaving the audience unsure as to whether or not we are ...

A last ditch effort to rescue the River Jordan Essay

A last ditch effort to rescue the River Jordan - Essay Example Hence, it has become the most danger to the extreme environmental adversity. Unfortunately, the annual flow o River Jordan has considerably reduced since; Jordan, Syria, and Israel are competing at seizing clean water as much as they can (OBrien 1). This has the result in the annual water decrease, and many people are not aware that the river will soon dry up. Friends from Earth Middle East recently are trying to create awareness of the departure of the Jordan River. Due to habitat damage, the area experiences decreased rainfall with severe climatic conditions as a result of a change in climate. As a result, it will lead to water shortage in the area reducing production of food as well economic instability. Devotion to water concern is intensifying as political, social, and the development urgency (OBrien 1). The international community is debating on the creation of new strategies that will sustenance effort towards the rescue of Jordan River. It has taken years of demanding work and finally definite transformation is beginning to commence in the River

Equality, Diversity and Difference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Equality, Diversity and Difference - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that, â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.† However, as this definition does not relate to any law, various nations across the globe have put a legal standpoint to the definition of equality. ‘Equality’ (or ‘equal’) signifies correspondence between a group of different objects, persons, processes or circumstances that have the same qualities in at least one respect, but not all respects, i.e., regarding one specific feature, with differences in other features. Therefore, striving to achieve equality is generally defined as â€Å"the incorporation of Equal Opportunities issues into all actions, programmes, and policies from the outset†. As equality has been a cause of global concern, the new age government keep this aspect in mind each time when they consider a new policy or a law. When we look back historically, we know that human beings have always had the tendency to dominate over the weak. This resulted in the creation of a social structure where some sections became the privileged and other sections were considered less-equality. This craving for power and dominance started contributing to a society where inequality started existing. For example, areas of residences of various groups were demarcated. The affluent and dominating section of the society tried to ensure that the laymen do not live near to their places of residence To clarify further, we can also define equality in terms of non-discrimination. Equality means the absence of discrimination, and upholding the principle of non-discrimination between groups will produce equality. Therefore, discrimination can be defined as any act that denies equality that an individual or a group wishes for. It is widely accepted that equality and non-discrimination are positive and negative statements of the same principle.

Emerging Wireless Technology in the Healthcare Industry Assignment

Emerging Wireless Technology in the Healthcare Industry - Assignment Example In fact, these investments have caused enhanced efficiency, the implementation of new processes and high quality of services. In spite of all these developments the healthcare sector failed to take pleasure in the efficiency and improvements since the healthcare sector has always been working under inadequate resources. With the passage of time, the strategy makers, decision makers, operators, and other stakeholders realized the importance of information and communication technology, in particular wireless technology and observed a chance to deal with some of the major issues the healthcare industry is facing (Hafeez-Baig & Gururajan, 2009). This paper discusses the use of wireless technologies in healthcare sector. The paper also outlines the advantages and drawbacks of wireless technologies in the context of the healthcare sector. A large number of researches have shown that the use of wireless computing can help healthcare firms deal with some of the critical problems for instance reduction in expenditures, quality of care, reduction in errors, shortages of human resources, reduction in financial support, and high satisfaction levels among employees and customers. For instance, an electronically readable code can be assigned to a patient registering in a hospital and an employee using wireless devices can insert vital information straightforwardly into the hospital network. In the same way, wireless devices can be utilized to connect a patient's body to a variety of hospital machines and devices with the purpose of keeping records of medical data for instance heart function, blood pressure and these important features can be straightforwardly recorded, regularly monitored and assessed by healthcare professionals both within and outside the hospital (Hafeez-Baig & Gururajan, 2009). According to (Gururajan & Murugesan, 2005), in healthcare sector wireless technology is utilized as an umbrella term which involves the use of a wide range of wireless devices such as personal digital assistants, mobile and handheld computers, mobile phones, wireless computer networks pagers and mobile and wireless communications. As discussed above, in healthcare sector wireless technologies can be used for completing a wide variety of tasks. For instance, wireless technologies can be utilized by healthcare professionals to access patient data and records, to collect and store data and records of patients at the point of entry or to enter or update definite predefined data/information with the purpose of processing billing related issues (Gururajan & Murugesan, 2005). In addition, through these wireless technologies and handheld devices, healthcare professionals can perform different tests, advise medicines, and ask for additional services straightforwardly from the patient's bed. One of the most important advantages for the healthcare sector is that wireless devices can offer care as well as other connected services, anywhere, at any time, and at an afforda ble price, at the point of care in extremely competitive surroundings. For that reason, it can be said that the implementation and use of wireless technologies can be significant for successful survival and improvement of healthcare sector. In fact, in addition to a reduction in the need for additional hardware/operating

Women in the police force

Women in the police force Chapter One: Introduction The role of the police in the society can neither be overlooked nor belittled; without the police force to enforce the law, which facilitates reduction of crime and disorders and to protect individuals as well as national property, human coexistence would be unbearable if not impossible. The police forces are divided into various arms according to the issues in the society and the structuring varies from one state to another as stipulated in those nations constitutions. For many centuries prior to the 19th, the police force was almost purely for men as it was argued that the job descriptions were not suitable for women. Law enforcement was traditionally perceived as male field; todays presence of women in this career is a product of countless legal battles. In many countries the tests for entry into the force were agility and strength. The gates of police work were not opened to those who did not meet the physical requirements. The battle had to be taken to the courtroom resulting to the Amendment of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The amendment prohibited race, sex, religion and color based discrimination (Seklecki Paynich, 2007). Problem Formulation:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The recruitment of women in the police force can be traced from the 19th century; nevertheless this recruitment has been found wanting. There has been an imbalance as far as the status and the number of women in the force is concerned. This paper aims at expounding on the conditions of women in police force; are the conditions fair? Does gender biasness prevail in the police force? What situations are women police forced to bear with in performance of their duties? The hypothesis of this literature review is, â€Å"does gender have an effect of how police officers are treated in the workforce?† Some of the challenges that have been identified as what women law enforcers go through include: Recruitment, Promotion, job description, affirmative action and gender, sexual harassment, self esteem, qualification requirements among many others. Some of the things that will be established in this paper include: Conditions to be fulfilled for recruitment in the force , challenges of promotion to higher ranks, affirmative action in the endeavor to better police women conditions in the force among other key issues that affect police women directly. Sexual Harassment: Theorists has posited that oppressions that are based on gender or/and sexual orientation are intrinsically linked. Harassing behaviors that are based on gender or sexual orientation are based on a common root that aims at maintaining a patriarchal society which stipulated gender roles. Sexual harassment in workplace was defined by Magley (1997, p. 15) as â€Å"unwanted sex-related behavior at work that is appraised by the recipient as offensive, exceeding [ones] resources, or threatening [ones] well-being.† This problem is very common in many nations USA having no immunity; its estimated that 35- 50% of all US women and 9-35% of all US men have been victims to sexual harassment. Shaw has observed that sexual harassment is not only physical, but also involves; comments, treatment in sexual nature, and any activity that is based on a persons gender and makes the person feel uncomfortable. Gender Bias: Sexism is a way of thinking about sexes; sexism is a form of discrimination, or gender based biasness. Gender roles emanate from having such a way of thinking. Many people are socialized to believe that there are chores for men while some others are for women, hence if one is seen doing what is culturally believed to be for the other sex, its perceived as ‘incorrect conduct. Gender biases are based on stereotypes, where people are judged according to their physical traits, physical abilities, interest, occupation attitudes and personality traits. Gender biases are the basis for maltreatment of female law enforcers (Shaw, 2000). Chapter Two: LITERATURE REVIEW Masculinity Culture:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Santos (2004) made observation of the challenges that Latin American (Brazilian) women police were going through prior to establishment of women police stations. The case study explained how the women police managed to overcome the masculinity culture that was dominating the police force and perceiving the women in the force as just items of showing gender concern for the nation but not for any â€Å"real work.† Santos has concurred with Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Mulher (2001) observations that women police in Brazil were discriminated and accorded the light duties as such was the most rational approach to their role in the force considering their gender; women can not manage hard tasks. Indeed the very absence of institutionalized gender-based training for women police was a clear indication of the limitation of creation of womens space in the masculine and repressive arm of the state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Natarajan (2009) argued that there is a need to have a separate but an identical model of policing whereby men and women should have separate departments. The reason behind such an argument was based on Natarajan observations that despite the fact that the western countries had moved from what he referred to as â€Å"reluctant separate and unequal status for women police officers,† the police women remained to be numerically minority and demeaned in role playing within the police force. She pointed out that the women police were faced with barriers to equal access to diverse roles and tasks available in the police force as compared with their male counterpart. High integration is not an option if women will have equal opportunities as men in maintenance of law and order. His argument was that use of â€Å"back door† approach would facilitate recognition of women value as officers in police department. From a research conducted in among Indian police she argues that ineffectiveness in police department especially on gender issues result from men domination of police force, women are not free to express their challenges to men. Underground Discrimination:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Silvestri (2003) has noted that despite many nations removing barriers that were preventing women from entering to the male-dominated police career, the structures are yet to be fully transformed to warmly accept women in the field. He has pointed on the ratio in their leadership in police top positions as an open evidence of that fact. For example in Australia, they occupy just 6.3 percent of the top national policing while US top police leadership has 5 percent women representation. His argument is that discrimination of women policing is still on but less visible and more subtle and discrete, it operates from the underground and the police women experience it and are affected daily by it, no wonder have higher stress as opposed to male police. Women Integration: The integration of women in police force is far from being achieved. Natarajan (2001) has posited that in many countries if not all, women comprise of a very minute percentage of serving officers. He draws from many studies that identified that women are yet to be fully accepted as qualified candidates from the duties in police department. Barriers to full integration emanates from various circles, including: male officers prejudices, societal attitude and beliefs on police career and women, and inherent differences between both sexes in physical capabilities. The women law enforcers that were studied complained of; lack of promotion, family suffering because of tight work schedules, getting late for marriage which resulted to birth complication, and works that were physically draining. Natarajan stated that these reasons have used to justify lack of integration, for women were not fully contented with what the police career entailed. Leadership Imbalance:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Silvestri (2005) noted that in Wales and England glass ceiling has been cracked in the police force; however the number of women in the force and in high positions remains to be disappointingly low. Silvestri noted that a decade after Pauline Clare was appointed as first Britain woman chief constable, there was very little change in ratio of traditional men to women police amidst numerical increase of women in police force. He argues that myths of women as weaker sex and lacking ability to manage the heavy duties in the police force are still prevalent. Drawing from a research on what it takes to be police leader, he found out that police leaders are expected to be knowledgeable agents, of which stereotypes posits that women have lesser knowledge compared to their male counterpart. He noted that police force is faced with a challenge of long working hours which though unsuitable for both men and women, women suffers the more for they long hours are incompatible wi th womens family roles; consequently demeaning any hopes of rising up the leadership ladder. Women Stress: Stress Spillover   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thompson, Kirk and Brown, (2005) conducted a research on stress spillover among police women and how it affects their careers as well as their family. The high occupational demands in the police force acts as limitation to women advance in police career. They noted that women are known to reflect more workplace stress more than men, consequently women who are interested in making their marriages and families work find it hard to cope with police force work. They found out that emotional exhaustion act as a mechanism through which workplace stress spills over to the family, consequently reducing family cohesion. Thompson, Kirk and Brown, (2005) shared their findings with Morash and Kwak (2006) that the victims suffer interpersonal disorder such as withdrawal which affects women more than men. Women being more socialized to family hood resolve to giving in to their families than careers, this is taken as the base of women low ranks in the police force. The stereotyp e is used to abase the police women in their pursuit of senior positions. Rank and Stress: While conducting a research on the relationship between high ranking women officers and low ranking women officer among Greek officers, Antoniou (2009) identified high ranking officers were more stressed in comparison of low ranking. He pointed out the difference was as a result of the male bosses attempt to oppress women not to rise upper. This strategy was observed as having been employed in many states. He identified that women were intimidated through threat of their personal integrity, exposure to danger, and violence and rape threats by fellow officers or criminals. Stressor and Obstacles: Dowler and Arai (2006) conducted a study to identify how the male dominated field may increase stressors and obstacles among female police. They first noted that despite the steady growth of women in the police force, they are still by far under represented with 12.7% only of the entire body of large organizations lawn enforcers and 8.1% in small agencies. They noted that from time immemorial police work was perceived to be mens hence masculinity subculture is yet to be exited creating additional stressor for female officers based on male centered environment. The women experience significant resistance and resentment from male administrators, supervisors and counterparts, especially by the chauvinists who have grave reservations on women in relation to competency as law enforcers. The reservations and resentments are based on femininity stereotypes. Women police table men-colleagues attitude towards them and their career as the most significant setback that they face in doing their work. They identified that men and women police have divergent perceptions on gender discrimination, which acts as the source of conflict as women feels they are judged according to their gender. Dower and Arai concurred with McCarty, Zhao and Garland (2007) who argued that workplace stress is manageable if one had peer support to share challenges with. Police law enforcers have a low percentage of women hence in many places women have no one to share their pains with. Stress and Suicide: While reporting on a study conducted on the rates of suicides among police officers as compared with their respective genders Burke (2006), observed that the rate of male officers who committed suicide was lower than the total males who committed suicide, but police women suicide rate was four times more than all the women who committed suicide. The study therefore concluded that police women were subjected to more stress than male counterpart. Women Reactivates: Sun and Chu (2008) conducted a research in an attempt to identify gender differences in policing. The study was geared towards understanding what approach the police prefer as the most effective to law enforcement. The women respondents were more supportive to an aggressiveness approach as opposed to men. The researchers argued that the reason for women attraction to aggression was in an attempt to prove that they were capable and did not fear male criminals. This was perceived as a strategy to put off stereotypes against women law enforcers. In a study conducted by Seklecki and Paynich (2007) on police womens perception about their career as law enforcers, most of them felt that they were equally capable if not better than their male peers. Most the interviewees tabled harassment from their male peers and their husbands based on their career as the greatest challenge they face daily. Most of them were found to deliver better than men since they worked with an attitude of proving the allegations that they are lesser able wrong. Criminals also were easily caught by women for most perceived women as not being able to hand put them into trouble. Their greatest battle is fighting chauvinistic harassment. Public Perception:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yima and Schaferb (2009) conducted a research to identify how the public perception of police affects the officers job satisfaction. The research identified that the public perceptional image on officers influences their job satisfaction as well as delivery. Community perception of women law enforcers is that they are less capable as compared with their male counterpart, this demoralizes the officers and most of the time they do a duty to prove that they are able not to fulfill their duty. While not on duty they are esteemed for achieving â€Å"mens† career, but are not trusted as capable of delivering. Affirmative Action:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tougas and Beaton (2005) observed that were it not because of affirmative action in the United States, women would have remained to watch and admire the traditionally male-dominated careers. Nevertheless they did not fail to notice that change in workforce composition was still facing immense challenges. Police work was perceived as requiring males because of the physical strength required and the dangers police officers are exposed to. Women involvement in the work was perceived as challenging masculinity icon of the work. They shared the observations with Hunt (1990) in arguing that violence and criminal issues are not feminine, hence women should keep of and let those who are endowed for such (men) deal with them. They argued that this were the basis for harassment, exclusion from some tasks, and discrimination. Tougas and Beaton argued that as much as affirmative action has facilitated a great deal of women entry to the force, the numerical imbalance is still immensely visible. Perception of police women as lesser police is a prevalent form of sexual harassment. Collins (2003) conducted a research geared towards identifying why there was a significance increase in the harassment among female law enforcers despite having laws that are supposed to protect female officers from such harassment, from the public or their peers. The writer identified that Florida criminal justice standards were wanting as in many other states. The article writer noted that despite collecting enough evidence of pervasiveness related to sexual harassment, the number of sexual harassments were on the increase. He argued that the increase emanated from the minimal discipline that was imposed on culprits, it was substantial hence encouraging more men to do if not repeat such acts. Chapter Three: Conclusion- Seklecki and Paynich   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an attempt to find an answer to the hypothesis of whether gender have an effect of how police officers are treated in the workforce, Seklecki and Paynich (2007) conducted a national survey of female police officers. They pointed out that to have women in law enforcement was a battle that was won in courtroom through amendment of the constitution. They have noted that the police force was men workplace and women were expected to keep off for the duties involved required masculinity. Seklecki and Paynich identified that qualification to the police force required agility and physical strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seklecki and Paynich conducted literature review on the findings of various writers on women policing. They found out that the entry of women to law enforcement career has been very low with as little as 15% of the entire police force. They have observed that police force is still structured for men limiting women from joining and fully exploiting their potential in the career. They observed that discriminations against women are still prevalent. The behaviors of female officers such as excessive use of force were linked to the discriminations, in attempts to prove they were equal police to their male counterparts. Seklecki and Paynich observed that objection of women from joining law enforcement career was/is an attempt to maintain patriarchal society and roles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seklecki and Paynich observed that to ensure that women self-esteem in policing career was abased, male counterpart have created a negative work environment for women police. Female officers operate under pressure compared to male peers. References: Antoniou, A. (2009). Occupation-specific precursors of stress among Greek police officers: the roles of rank and gender. International Journal of Police Science Management, 11(3), pp. 334-344. Burke, R. Richardsen, A. Martinussen, M. (2006). Gender differences in policing: reasons for optimism? International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 29 (3), 513-523. Collins, S. (2003). Sexual harassment and police discipline: Whos policing the police? International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 27(4), 512-538. Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Mulher, (2001). Pesquisa nacional sobre as condigoes defuncionamento das delegacias especializadas no atendimento as mulheres: Relatorio final. Brasilia. Dowler, K Arai, B. (2006). Stress, gender and policing: the impact of perceived gender discrimination on symptoms of stress. International Journal of Police Science Management, 10(2), 123-135. Hunt, J. (1990). The logic of sexism among police. Women and Criminal Justice, 1, 3-30. Konik, J. Cortina, L. (2008). Policing Gender at Work: Intersections of Harassment Based on Sex and Sexuality. Soc Just Res (2008) 21:313-337. Magley, V. (2002). Coping with sexual harassment: Reconceptualizing womens resistance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 930-946. McCarty, W. Zhao, J. Garland, B. (2007). Occupational stress and burnout between male and female Police officers: Are there any gender differences? International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 30(4). Morash, M. Kwak, D. (2006). Gender differences in the predictors of police stress. An International Journal of Police Strategies Management, 29(3), 541-563. Natarajan, M. (2001). Women Police in a Traditional Society: Test of a Western Model of Integration. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, IJCS XLII, 1-2. Natarajan, M. (2009). Women Police in a Changing Society. Backdoor to Equality. International Journal of Police Science Management. 11 (4), 518-520. Santos, M. (2004). EN-GENDERING THE POLICE: Womens Police Stations and Feminism in Sao Paulo. University of San Francisco. Seklecki, R. Paynich, R. (2007). A National Survey of Female Police Officers: An Overview of Findings. Police Practice and Research, 8(1), 17-30. Shaw, F. (2000). Coping with Sexual Harassment and Gender Bias. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Silvestri, M. (2003). Women in Charge: Policing, Gender and Leadership. The Australian and New Zealand journal of criminology, 304-307. Silvestri, M. (2005). Doing time: Becoming a police leader. International Journal of Police Science Management. 8(4), 266-288. Sun, I Chu, D. (2008). Gender differences in policing: an analysis of Taiwanese officers attitudes. Police Practice and Research, 9(5), 431-443 Thompson, B, Kirk, A Brown, F. (2005) Work based support, emotional exhaustion, and spillover of work stress to the family environment: A study o f policewomen. Stress and Health, 21 199-207. John Wiley Sons. Tougas, F Beaton, A. (2005). Policewomen Acting in Self-Defense: Can Psychological Disengagement Protect Self-Esteem From the Negative Outcomes of Relative Deprivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 88 (5), 790-800. Yim, Y. Bryan, S. (2009). Police and their perceived image: how community influence officers job satisfaction. Police Practice and Research, 10(1), 17-29